Mitsunada Sakaguchi(1914-2003)KEIO UNIVERSITYMEDICAL SCIENCE FUNDFund DonorYukichi FukuzawaFounder of Keio UniversityYukichiFukuzawa（1835-1901）ShibasaburoKitasato（1852-1931）Shibasaburo KitasatoFirst Dean of the Keio University School of MedicineBorn on October 1, 1914, Dr. Sakaguchi graduated from the Keio University School of Medicine, receiving his M.D. in 1940 and his Ph.D. in 1945. He spent years working in the departments of Physiology, Internal Medicine, and Anatomy at Keio University before going to work in the Department of Anatomy at the Nihon University School of Medicine from 1948 until 1959, when he started a private practice as an orthopedist. His father was Dr. Masanada Sakaguchi, who invented a sensitive method of detecting N-mono-substituted guanidine derivatives, including arginine, which is known today as the Sakaguchi reaction (1925).Yukichi Fukuzawa, the founder of Keio University, is regarded as having been a great intellectual leader for Japan at a time when the nation was emerging from an era of feudalism and opening its doors to the world. Commodore M.C. Perry’s visit to Japan in 1853 ended the country’s long isolation and awakened an interest in the outside world in young Fukuzawa, who was just 18 years old at the time. He traveled to Nagasaki, the only port open to foreigners and the point through which Western science and culture filtered into Japan. Later in Osaka, he studied at a school of Dutch learning for several years with the goal of acquiring knowledge of Western social institutions and sciences. He then moved to Edo (present-day Tokyo) to open a school, Keio Gijuku, in 1858, which would grow into the Keio University we know today. During his first 10 years of teaching at Keio Gijuku, Fukuzawa traveled abroad three times (twice to the United States and once to Europe) on diplomatic missions for the Tokugawa shogunate. During his travels, Fukuzawa amassed a wealth of knowledge about Western culture in an astonishingly short time, bringing back with him many Western books, which had an impact not only on Keio University but Japanese society at large.The School of Medicine was established in 1917 as the fourth department of Keio University with Dr. Shibasaburo Kitasato serving as its first dean. As a young man, Kitasato had studied for several years in Germany, earning him an international reputation in the field of bacteriology as an assistant to Dr. Robert Koch (who later received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905). Kitasato returned to Japan in 1892 and later assumed a position on the Board of Health. However, the government was unable to provide him with any research facilities. Aware of this, Fukuzawa built a laboratory for Kitasato at his own expense. Kitasato would later join a group, led by Fukuzawa, to oversee the founding of the School of Medicine at Keio University, establishing him as the preeminent leader of medical education in Japan. Under Kitasato, this new school of medicine would produce some of Japan’s finest excellent medical doctors and researchers, soon becoming a major force in medicine and the life sciences in Japan.3
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